Carbohydrates Metabolism Table of contents Glycolysis Fates of Pyruvate Glycolysis 💠 Go to Chapter 💠 Overview Absorption of Glucose Sodium & ATP independent transport system Sodium & ATP dependent cotransport system Reactions Steps Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4A Step 4B Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Why glycolysis needs to be regulated? Steps at which glycolysis is regulated (Regulatory Steps) Step 1 - Hexokinase Types 1-4 Hexokinase Type 1 Hexokinase Type 2 Hexokinase Type 3 Hexokinase Type 4 (Glucokinase) How does glucagon affect the activity of Hexokinases? Step 3 - Phosphofructokinase - 1 Direct-path (Intracellular Energy Levels) Indirect-path (Hormonal via F-2,6-BP) Step 9 - Pyruvate kinase Fates of Pyruvate 💠 Go to Chapter 💠 Oxidative decarboxylation to Acetyl CoA (Transition Stage) Reduction to Lactate Reduction to Ethanol Enzyme: Pyruvate Decarboxylase. Co-Enzyme: Thiamine Pyrophosphate Enzyme: Alcohol Dehydrogenase Co-Enzyme: 2 NADH Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate